strain

strain
strain [{{t}}streɪn]
1 noun
(a) {{}}Technology{{}} (pressure) pression f; (tension) tension f; (pull) traction f; (weight) poids m;
the rope snapped under the strain la corde a rompu sous la tension;
the weight put too much strain on the rope le poids a exercé une trop forte tension sur la corde;
to collapse under the strain (bridge, animal) s'effondrer sous le poids;
I took most of the strain c'est moi qui ai fourni le plus gros effort;
the buttress takes the strain off the wall le contrefort réduit la pression qui s'exerce sur le mur;
the girder can't take the strain la poutre ne peut pas supporter cette pression;
{{}}figurative{{}} the war is putting a great strain on the country's resources la guerre grève sérieusement les ressources du pays;
the new taxes take the strain off the budget les nouveaux impôts renflouent le budget
(b) (mental or physical effort) (grand) effort m; (overwork) surmenage m; (tiredness) (grande) fatigue f; (stress) stress m, tension f ou fatigue f nerveuse;
he's beginning to feel/show the strain il commence à sentir la fatigue/à donner des signes de fatigue;
I've been under great physical strain je me suis surmené;
it was quite a strain for me to have to stand j'ai trouvé très fatigant de devoir rester debout;
the strain of making polite conversation l'effort que ça demande de faire la conversation à quelqu'un;
the situation has put our family under a great deal of strain la situation a mis notre famille à rude épreuve;
recent events have placed considerable strain on their relationship les événements récents ont mis leur relation à rude épreuve;
he can't take the strain anymore il ne peut plus supporter cette situation stressante;
it's a terrible strain on her nerves ses nerfs sont mis à rude épreuve;
they've been under a lot of strain recently leurs nerfs ont été mis à rude épreuve ces derniers temps;
the arrival of a new secretary took the immediate strain off me avec l'arrivée d'une nouvelle secrétaire, j'ai été immédiatement soulagée d'une partie de mon travail;
I couldn't stand the strain of commuting je trouvais trop épuisant de prendre les transports en commun tous les matins
(c) {{}}Medicine{{}} (of muscle) froissement m; (sprain → of ankle, wrist) entorse f;
to give one's back a strain se donner un tour de reins
(d) (breed, variety → of animal, insect) race f; (→ of virus, bacteria) souche f; (→ of plant, grain) variété f
(e) (style) genre m, style m;
his other books are all very much in the same strain ses autres livres sont tout à fait dans le même genre ou dans le même style ou dans le même esprit
(f) (streak, tendency) fond m, tendance f;
there is a strain of madness in the family il y a une prédisposition à la folie dans la famille;
there's a strong strain of fantasy in his novels il y a une grande part de rêve dans ses romans
2 transitive verb
(a) (rope, cable, girder) tendre (fortement); {{}}figurative{{}} (resources, economy, budget) grever; (patience) mettre à l'épreuve, abuser de; (friendship, relationship) mettre à l'épreuve, mettre à rude épreuve;
he strained the canvas over the frame il a tendu la toile sur le cadre;
to be strained to breaking point être tendu au point de se rompre;
this new expense is straining our income to the limit nos revenus nous permettent tout juste cette dépense supplémentaire
(b) (force → voice) forcer;
he strained his ears to hear what they were saying il tendit l'oreille pour entendre ce qu'ils disaient;
to strain one's eyes to see sth plisser les yeux pour mieux voir qch;
to strain every nerve or sinew to do sth s'efforcer de faire qch
(c) (hurt, damage → eyes) fatiguer;
reading small print strains your eyes ça fatigue les yeux de lire des petits caractères;
you'll strain your eyes tu vas te fatiguer les yeux;
to strain a muscle se froisser un muscle;
I have to be careful not to strain my heart il faut que je veille à ménager mon cœur;
to strain one's back se donner un tour de reins;
I've strained my arm je me suis froissé un muscle du bras;
to strain oneself (by gymnastics, lifting) se froisser un muscle; (by overwork) se surmener;
mind you don't strain yourself lifting that typewriter attention de ne pas te faire mal en soulevant cette machine à écrire;
{{}}ironic{{}} don't strain yourself! surtout ne te fatigue pas!;
she lent a hand, but she didn't exactly strain herself elle a mis la main à la pâte, mais elle ne s'est pas vraiment fatiguée
(d) (distort → meaning) forcer; (→ word) forcer le sens de;
it would be straining the truth to call the play a masterpiece dire que cette pièce est un chef-d'œuvre serait exagéré
(e) {{}}Cookery{{}} (soup, milk) passer; (vegetables) (faire) égoutter
(f) {{}}Technology{{}} (deform → part) déformer
(g) {{}}literary{{}} (press → child, lover) serrer;
she strained the child to her breast elle serra l'enfant contre sa poitrine
3 intransitive verb
(a) (pull) tirer fort; (push) pousser fort;
she was straining at the door (pulling) elle tirait sur la porte de toutes ses forces; (pushing) elle poussait (sur) la porte de toutes ses forces;
to strain at a rope/at the oars tirer sur une corde/sur les rames;
the dog strained at the leash le chien tirait sur sa laisse;
{{}}figurative{{}} to be straining at the leash piaffer d'impatience;
I had to strain against the wind j'ai dû lutter contre le vent;
she strained under the weight elle ployait sous la charge
(b) (strive) s'efforcer, faire beaucoup d'efforts;
to strain to do sth s'efforcer de faire qch;
I strained to understand/hear what they were saying je me suis efforcé de comprendre/d'entendre ce qu'ils disaient;
he tends to strain after effect il a tendance à vouloir se faire remarquer
(c) (be under tension → rope, cable) se tendre; (→ beam) fatiguer, travailler; (become deformed) gauchir, se fausser
(d) (liquid) filtrer (through à travers)
(e) {{}}literary{{}}
to strain at sth (be unwilling) se faire un scrupule de qch;
to strain at doing sth avoir des scrupules à faire qch
4 strains plural noun
(of music) accents mpl, accords mpl;
the crowd rose to the strains of the national anthem le public s'est levé aux accents de l'hymne national
strain off separable transitive verb
(liquid) vider, égoutter

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